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MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondria-derived peptide (16 amino acids long).
Unlike most peptides coded in nuclear DNA, MOTS-c is encoded within the mitochondrial genome.
It plays a major role in metabolic regulation, stress response, and cellular energy balance.
Metabolic regulation: Increases glucose uptake in muscle and promotes fatty acid oxidation.
Insulin sensitivity: Improves glucose handling and reduces insulin resistance.
AMPK activation: Triggers AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cellular “energy sensor,” improving mitochondrial function.
Exercise mimic: Some researchers call it an “exercise mimetic” because it enhances endurance and fat metabolism similar to training effects.
Weight management: Helps regulate fat metabolism and reduce fat accumulation.
Exercise performance: Improves endurance and strength in mouse models; early evidence suggests similar effects in humans.
Diabetes & metabolic health: Improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
Anti-aging: Levels decline with age; supplementation may counter age-related metabolic decline.
Cellular protection: Reduces oxidative stress and improves resilience under stress conditions.
Preclinical and limited human studies suggest MOTS-c is well tolerated.
Reported side effects are mild and rare: injection site irritation, headache, or temporary fatigue.
Long-term safety data in humans is still limited.
MOTS-c = mitochondria-derived peptide regulating metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and endurance.
Acts like an “exercise mimetic” by activating AMPK and boosting mitochondrial function.
Dosing (research use): 5–15 mg weekly, usually 2–3 subQ injections.
Status: Promising in preclinical and early human studies, but still experimental.
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondria-derived peptide (16 amino acids long).
Unlike most peptides coded in nuclear DNA, MOTS-c is encoded within the mitochondrial genome.
It plays a major role in metabolic regulation, stress response, and cellular energy balance.
Metabolic regulation: Increases glucose uptake in muscle and promotes fatty acid oxidation.
Insulin sensitivity: Improves glucose handling and reduces insulin resistance.
AMPK activation: Triggers AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cellular “energy sensor,” improving mitochondrial function.
Exercise mimic: Some researchers call it an “exercise mimetic” because it enhances endurance and fat metabolism similar to training effects.
Weight management: Helps regulate fat metabolism and reduce fat accumulation.
Exercise performance: Improves endurance and strength in mouse models; early evidence suggests similar effects in humans.
Diabetes & metabolic health: Improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
Anti-aging: Levels decline with age; supplementation may counter age-related metabolic decline.
Cellular protection: Reduces oxidative stress and improves resilience under stress conditions.
Preclinical and limited human studies suggest MOTS-c is well tolerated.
Reported side effects are mild and rare: injection site irritation, headache, or temporary fatigue.
Long-term safety data in humans is still limited.
MOTS-c = mitochondria-derived peptide regulating metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and endurance.
Acts like an “exercise mimetic” by activating AMPK and boosting mitochondrial function.
Dosing (research use): 5–15 mg weekly, usually 2–3 subQ injections.
Status: Promising in preclinical and early human studies, but still experimental.